Academic Studies

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The following academic studies or technical articles describe how magnetism works in applications similar to the Vortex Fuel Saver: Some of the most interesting research/testing was performed at Temple University.

In this first paper, Professor Tao concluded that a magnetic field can reduce the viscosity of various fuels, and the effect of the reduced viscosity lasted much longer than just while it was within the magnetic force field.

Investigate Effects of Magnetic Fields on Fuels -- Rongjia Toa, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

"Since we now found that a strong pulse magnetic field can reduce the apparent viscosity of gasoline and diesel..."

"In addition, in many complex fluids, if a fluid's viscosity is reduced, its surface tension goes down. At this stage, we are not sure, but have reasons to speculate that a pulse magnetic field may also reduce the surface tension of these petroleum fuels as well as their apparent viscosity."

"The apparent viscosity remained substantially below the original value 200 minutes after the application of magnetic field."

This paper is followed by another (with Xu) published in Energy & Fuels, specifically for crude oil, wherein either a magnetic pulse field or electric field reduces the viscosity, lasts for several hours, is deemed safe and easy to apply, and explains why others reached different conclusions.

Reducing the Viscosity of Crude Oil by Pulsed Electric or Magnetic Field, R. Tao and X. Xu, Department of Physics, Temple University

"Specifically, for paraffin-base crude oil, a magnetic field pulse can effectively reduce its viscosity for several hours, while, for asphalt-base crude oil or mixed-base crude oil, an electric field pulse can do the same."

"While this viscosity reduction is not permanent, it is suitable for many important applications, such as oil transport via deepwater pipelines, since it lasts for several hours and is repeatable".

"We discuss the magnetic field here, but the same physics applies to the case of the electric field."

"The effect of a magnetic field on the viscosity of crude oil is very controversial. Some experiments found that the magnetic field increased the viscosity of crude oil, some reported no effect, and some found that the magnetic field reduced the viscosity. Applying the above proposed theory, we are able to clarify this controversy. Especially, from the theory, the viscosity of paraffin-base crude oil increases after being exposed to a strong magnetic field for a long time but decreases after a short magnetic field pulse is applied. Our experiment verified it."

"In concluding this paper, we want to emphasize that while the magnetic field method is safe and easy to apply, the electric field method is also safe and easy to adapt for practical applications, ..."

Tao and Xu further expound on the theory and conduct positive experiments with the conclusion there are practical applications in the following paper:

Viscosity Reduction in Liquid Suspensions by Electric or Magnetic Fields, R. Tao and X. Xu, Department of Physics, Temple University

"In summary, the experiments fully confirm our theory that a suitable short pulse of electric field or magnetic field can effectively reduce viscosity of liquid suspensions for several hours. The results with MR fluids and crude oil indicate that the theory has broad applicability and may have broad practical applications."

In Professor Tao's next paper, the title of which refers to electric fields for which he previously stated the same laws of physics apply to magnetic fields, wherein he proposes a device which would be an add-on to work with existing fuel injectors. He also theorizes about the potential increases in fuel mileage for both gas and diesel, as well as stating there should be significant emissions improvements.

Electric-Field Assisted Fuel Atomization, R. Tao, Department of Physics, Temple University

"In fact, the developed device is just an add-on for the current existing fuel injectors and it can be used with all current fuel injectors on vehicles."

"If such a device is applied on a diesel vehicle, the fuel mileage will be increased by 15-30% and the emission will also be greatly improved."

"If such a device is applied on a vehicle, the gas mileage will be increased by 5-10% and the emission will also be greatly improved."

And finally, Professor Tao, along with Tang and Bell, publish their newest paper in Energy & Fuels, wherein they build a device and test it on a Mercedes-Benz 300D for six months, with significant fuel mileage increases. To be clear, this device is NOT a Vortex Fuel Saver, though the same fuel saving physics would apply.

Electrorheology, R. Tao, K. Huang, H. Tang, and D. Bell, Department of Physics, Temple University

"Because combustion starts at the interface between fuel and air and most harmful emissions are coming from incomplete burning, reducing the size of fuel droplets would increase the total surface area to start burning, leading to a cleaner and more efficient engine."

"Here, we present our technology for efficient combustion based on the new physics principle that a proper application of electrorheology can reduce the viscosity of petroleum fuels."

"Both laboratory and road tests confirm our theory and indicate that such a device improves fuel mileage significantly."

"In other words, if the engine on the road is under the same condition as our laboratory tests with the dynamometer, the fuel mileage will be increased by 20.4%"

Vortex is frequently questioned as to the length of time the magnetic force field influences the fuel being treated. Skeptics seem to believe as soon as the fuel leaves the magnetic force field, so does the effect. In addition to the papers by Tao listed above that address this issue, the paper below confirms Tao's findings.

Metamagnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg icosahedron, Christian Schröder (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA ), Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt (Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Physik, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany), Jürgen Schnack (Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Physik, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany), and Marshall Luban (Ames Laboratory & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University)

"For a general stability and lifetime analysis we have performed simulations at finite temperatures. For doing so the spin system is coupled to the heat bath and the trajectory is being calculated. ...one can clearly see the effect of a heat bath as a "shaking" of all spins. But even with this perturbation turned on the decagon-family phase does not decay immediately when the magnetic field is reduced."

Vortex is also frequently asked to explain how air can become magnetized and take on a charge. The next two papers address this issue.

Magnetism of Carbon, Michael Coey and Stefano Sanvito, Physics Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland -- Published at PhysicsWorld.com.

"This is because elements such as oxygen can have a magnetic moment when they form molecules, as the molecular orbits form a spin triplet in their ground state."

Thin Films: Unexpected Magnetism in a Dialectric Oxide, M. Venkatesan, C. B. Fitzgerald & J. M. D. Coey, Physics Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland -- Article published in Nature,

"Here we show that thin films of hafnium dioxide (HfO₂), an insulating oxide better known as a dielectric layer for nanoscale electronic devices, can be ferromagnetic even without doping. This discovery challenges our understanding of magnetism..."

Some interesting quotes in from a published paper by another PhD.

Behavior of New Refrigerant Mixtures Under Magnetic Field , Samuel M. Sami &R.J. Kita, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, published in the International Journal of Energy Research, 2005

"it is well established that there are major changes caused by the passage of fluid through the magnetic field."

"Several studies have been reported on the use of magnetic elements in the enhancing the performance of many applications such as oil, natural gas furnaces, diesel engines, fuel lines and also in water treatment."

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